School Attacks Around the World

School Attacks

Two different school attacks show that school safety isn’t just an American problem.  In Hubei Province, China, a man went on a stabbing spree, killing three children in Dongfang Primary School.  He was reportedly upset that his daughter did not get into the school after failing to complete a summer assignment. He entered the school and stabbed eight children and a teacher before jumping off a building, killing himself.

In the Philippines, a policeman went to the Lingayen National High School in Pangasinan to collect a debt.  For a yet unknown reason, he opened fire in front of a classroom of the school, killing the debtor and two others. He was taken into custody.

Chinese School Attack

Chinese school children practice defending themselves from an attacker

School Attack Analysis

The safety of children from school attacks is a problem all around the world.  In Staying Alive: How to Act Fast and Survive Deadly Encounters, readers learn that on the day of the Sandy Hook massacre, 22 school children were injured in a knife attack in China (Dorn, 2014).

It is because of incidents like these that we stress not focusing on Active Shooter Incidents.  People use knives, hammers, cleavers, clubs, baseball bats, and all manner of non-projectile weapons in school attacks.  Thus schools should be stressing overall security, not just a response to a single type of incident.

The All-Hazards approach starts with a risk/threat assessment to identify specific risks faced by the school.  Then planning is conducted to mitigate against, prepare for, respond to, and recover from the identified risk.  Once the plan is in place, then the school should exercise that plan to iron out real-life problems with the plan, prior to having to use it.

Keep calm and don’t over-react.  School-related deaths make up less than two percent of all homicides among young people (Cornell, 2013), making schools one of the safest places for children to be.  Common sense and prudence can make schools even safer.

Social Media Comment by Teacher Sparks Investigation

Social Media

A high school teacher at Newark Memorial High School in Newark, California is being investigated.  She allegedly posted profanity-laced tweets on the social media Twitter. The tweets hinted at violence against students, prompting the investigation.  The teacher stated she has received a written reprimand, but has kept her job.

A copy of a couple of the teacher’s tweets are included below.

Social Media

Two tweets sent allegedly concerning Newark Memorial High School students.

Social Media Analysis

Social media can be a blessing, and a curse.  Schools use social media to inform parents and communities on school events and incidents.  Teachers and students use social media to communicate with each other concerning academic work.  However, social media can also be a source of misinformation.  Its immediacy can also cause problems for people who are angry or frustrated.

Chapter 5 of Staying Alive: How to Act Fast and Survive Deadly Encounters covers the Warning Signs of Violence.  In that chapter, Drs. Richard and Stephen Holmes give us three stages that lead up to violence.  Using their criteria, this would most likely be a Level Two: Escalation.

A student who engaged in this behavior should trigger a multidisciplinary threat assessment.  This should be little different, except to make sure you are following all policies and regulations concerning employees.  A person at Level 2 has built up some anger and/or frustration.  The source of this needs to be identified so it can be addressed.

School districts should consider policies concerning the use of social media by staff.  This should be done keeping in mind First Amendment protections.  These policies can describe the nature of the use social media for school-related postings. Threats of violence are not necessarily protected speech.  If you are not sure, consult your district’s attorney and/or have law enforcement assess the communications.

Doing nothing is not a viable option.

Shelter-in-Place Protects School

Shelter-in-Place

In Jacksonville, Florida, the Glynn Academy had a noxious cloud, at times visible to the naked eye, descend upon the school.  A nearby mill, GP Cellulose, had a power outage, resulting in the escape of gases that would have normally been incinerated.  These gases were not lethal, but they smelled awful, and triggered an asthma attack in one student, who was treated and released.

http://www.nato.int/nato_static/assets/pictures/stock_2010/20101013_20101012-chemical-terrorism_rdax_276x194.jpg

Shelter-in-place protects from CBR incidents.

Shelter-in-Place Analysis

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) states, ” ‘Shelter-in-place’ means to take immediate shelter where you are—at home, work, school, or in between. It may also mean “seal the room;” in other words, take steps to prevent outside air from coming in. This is because local authorities may instruct you to “shelter-in-place” if chemical or radiological contaminants are released into the environment.”  In most cases, a shelter-in-place is in response to chemical, biological, or radiological (CBR) incidents.  Schools may also use shelter-in-place in response to severe weather, such as tornadoes.

A shelter-in-place for CBR requires a bit of planning and preparation.  Most newer schools have Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditi0ning (HVAC) units.  These units can be used to create positive pressure inside the school, helping to keep gases out, for as long as there is power to them.  They should also be set so that they do not draw air from the outside, as they often do to create fresh air.  Should the power fail, the school will need to be able to seal the school from the outside.  This may require the use of plastic sheeting, duct tape, or other materials to seal cracks in windows and doors.

This also requires more than materials.  Parents and other stakeholders need to know that when a school is in such a situation, they should not approach the skill.  There are few ways to allow people to enter a leave a sealed school without contaminating the school, endangering its occupants.  Therefore a good shelter-in-place protocol will include community awareness and education, as well as materials and training.

The Glynn Academy is fortunate that the chemicals were not lethal.  What about businesses near your school?  Have they factored into your risk assessment process?